The acetabulum is the cup-like structure that forms the socket of the hip joint. The body widens to form the sacroiliac joint on its medial surface and forms cartilaginous joints with the pubis and ischium at the acetabulum. Between the ala and the body is the greater sciatic notch, a large V-shaped notch in the posterior ilium that allows the sciatic nerve to pass through the pelvis in order to innervate the leg. Inferior to the ala, the ilium widens into a region known as the body of the ilium. It turns again just below these spines to form the anterior and posterior inferior spines at the base of the ala. At the ends of the iliac crest, the ilium narrows sharply toward its center to form the anterior and posterior superior spines of the ilium. The iliac crest protrudes laterally towards the body’s surface and acts as an important and easily located bony landmark of the body. Along the superior edge of the ala is a widened bony ridge known as the iliac crest. The largest region of the ilium is the ala, an area shaped somewhat like an elephant’s ear with a large, flat surface that is slightly concave when viewed from the anterior direction. It forms the superior region of the hipbone and joins with the pubis and ischium at the acetabulum, or hip socket. The ilium is located in the pelvic region lateral to the sacrum at the base of the spinal column. The superficial location of the ilium makes it a common site for extracting bone tissue for grafting and bone marrow for transplants. You can find the crest of your ilium by placing your hands on your hips. It is a wide, flat bone that provides many attachment points for muscles of the trunk and hip. The ilium is the largest and most superior of the three bones that join to form the hipbone, or os coxa.
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